Scientists in South Africa are scheduled to begin testing a new vaccine Wednesday that they say could be "the final nail in the coffin" for the virus.
The vaccine being tested in the study called HVTB 702 is based on a 2009 trial in Thailand. During that trial, the vaccine was only 31 percent effective and could not be distributed.
Now, all eyes are on South Africa as scientists attempt to take on the largest and most advanced clinical trial to develop an HIV vaccine.
Scientists are hoping to enroll 5,400 sexually active, HIV-negative men and women between the ages of 18 and 35 in the trial.
Once the participants are selected, they will receive five injections over the course of a year. Half will receive a placebo so researchers can measure whether the vaccine produced its desired effect, according to the Washington Post.
Gita Ramjee, the director of the HIV Prevention Research Unit at the Medical Research Council in Durban, South Africa, told the Washington Post scientists would be happy if the vaccine were even 45 to 50 percent effective because it would mean progress in a nation where more than 1,000 people are infected with the virus a day.
The new vaccine has been adapted to combat the specific HIV subtype in South Africa.
"Even a moderately effective vaccine would significantly decrease the burden of HIV disease over time in countries and populations with high rates of HIV infection, such as South Africa," said Anthony Fauci, director of the U.S. government's National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID).
Results from the study are expected by late 2020.
The Associated Press contributed to this report.
