Timely treatment of Hepatitis C improves cognitive function

According to the results of a study published in the Journal of Viral Hepatitis, people who have successfully been treated for hepatitis C with direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy showed an improvement in both mood and cognitive functions.

Chronic infection of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) can lead to severe liver diseases, including cirrhosis and cancer, as well as neuropsychological disorders. For example, people with cirrhosis may develop liver encephalopathy, in which toxins in the blood lead to impaired brain function. However, a stable virological response to antiviral treatment (characterised by an undetectable viral load 12 weeks after the completion of DAA therapy) leads to improved neuropsychological health and improved quality of life for the patient.

Research

Scientists from the Institute of Medical Education in India conducted a study to investigate this connection.

385 people with HCV aged 18 to 65 took part in the tests. Of these, 75% were men, and 21% were diagnosed with liver cirrhosis. Most people contracted HCV through non-sterile injections, surgery or injecting drugs.

Participants passed a series of tests at the very beginning of the study and 12 weeks after the completion of DAA therapy. At enrolment, patients showed a significant decrease in cognitive functions compared to a healthy general population.

Results

Around 91% of patients achieved a stable virological response; 88% of people with cirrhosis and 91% without cirrhosis were cured. Those who successfully passed therapy had less depression and anxiety. They also had improved concentration, reaction time, information processing skills, as well as visual, short-term and working memory. But in patients who were not cured, the test results remained at the same level or, in some cases, worsened.

When the researchers compared cognitive functions in humans with HCV and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the first group showed gave the worst results.

Experts note that there is a heightened risk of HCV reinfection amongst people living with HIV, especially in men who have sex with men who have recently recovered from HCV. Regular screening is recommended in this group.